Yes, you can use MultiChain as the underlying shared database for managing a provenance-tracking application, but you still need to build (a) the application layer on top that maps the movements of real-world goods to blockchain transactions, and (b) data collection systems that can be trusted. One common misunderstanding of blockchains is that they can somehow know the truth in the outside world. That's not true, but what they are is good at storing and securing that truth in a way that cannot be tampered with by individual parties.
This article might be helpful for more information:
https://www.multichain.com/blog/2016/05/four-genuine-blockchain-use-cases/
